A developmental condition characterized by differences in social communication, interaction, and behavior. It’s called a ‘spectrum’ because it affects individuals differently and to varying degrees.
The range of symptoms, skills, and levels of support needs that people with autism may have. No two people with autism are exactly alike.
This term describes how an individual’s brain receives and responds to information from all of their senses. For many autistic people, sensory input can be processed differently. They may be hypersensitive (overly sensitive) to certain sounds, textures, or lights, or hyposensitive (under-responsive), leading them to seek out more intense sensory experiences.
It's crucial to understand the difference between these two. A meltdown is an involuntary response to emotional or sensory overload, where an individual temporarily loses control of their behavior. It's not a choice. A tantrum, on the other hand, is a deliberate action to get something or to avoid a task. Meltdowns require empathy and support, not discipline.
This term describes the various levels of assistance an individual may require in their life. Rather than using outdated language, such as "high-functioning" or "low-functioning," focusing on support needs helps you understand that an individual's abilities and challenges can differ greatly across different areas, such as communication, social situations, or daily tasks and to support them accordingly.
This is the ability for an individual to speak up for their own needs, preferences, and rights. While it may seem like a far-off goal for a very young or nonverbal child, the foundation for self-advocacy starts with simple things. You can teach this by helping them express choices, for example, between two toys or foods. As they grow and develop their communication skills, you can continue to support them in telling others what they need to thrive.
As you get to know your loved one, you'll likely notice they have sources of great joy and skill. These are often called special interests - intense and all-encompassing passions. They can range from specific topics like trains or dinosaurs to a love for a particular show or type of art. This focus is a common and positive aspect of autism and can be a fantastic way to connect with your child and help them engage with the world.
You may notice that your loved one communicates and interacts with others in a unique way. This is a core part of the autism diagnosis and is referred to as social communication. It goes beyond just talking and involves understanding nonverbal cues, like body language and gestures, as well as the unwritten rules of social situations. Understanding this will help you navigate and support their interactions.